ProStolic™ by Melaleuca

Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of the arteries each time your heart beats. Your blood pressure is highest each time the heart beats, pumping blood into the arteries. This is called systolic pressure, and is the high number in your reading. The diastolic pressure measures the pressure in between beats, when your heart is at rest. Your blood pressure is lowest while sleeping and although it varies some during the day, it remains close to the same. Normal blood pressure is 120/80. If your systolic pressure rises to 140 or above, or if your diastolic pressure rises to 90 or above, this is considered high blood pressure ^{1, 2,} .

According to the American Heart Association, an estimated one in three U.S. adults have high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, and an alarming one-third of those don't even know they have it ³. It's no wonder this condition has long been called "the silent killer".

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney failure. And when it exists with obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol or diabetes, the risk of heart attack or stroke increases several times ⁴. If you don't have high blood pressure by age 55, your chance of developing it at some point in your life is 90 percent, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ^{5, 6}.

Although high blood pressure can occur in both children and adults, it is most common in those over age 35, and is most prevalent in African Americans, middle-aged and elderly people, obese people, heavy drinkers and women taking birth control pills ^{1, 7}. Although many people get high blood pressure as they get older, it is not part of the aging process! Proper diet, exercise and lifestyle changes can help in prevention and lowering of blood pressure ^{7, 8}.

1. What Is High Blood Pressure? American Heart Association.

2. What Is High Blood Pressure? NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

3. High Blood Pressure. American Heart Association.

4. What Causes High Blood Pressure? American Heart Association.

5. High blood pressure (hypertension) Mayo Clinic.

6. Who Can Develop High Blood Pressure? NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

7. Who Is At Risk For High Blood Pressure? NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

8. What Is Blood Pressure? NIH Senior Health.

In 90–95 percent of cases, research scientists don't know what causes high blood pressure, but fortunately they know enough to have developed both drug and non-drug products to treat it effectively ⁹.

A wide variety of medications are available to medical professionals for treating high blood pressure. Although other classes of medications are sometimes prescribed, the most commonly prescribed can be broken down into five different classes of medications that work in different ways to lower pressure.

• Diuretics (water pills) work in the kidney to get rid of excess water and sodium.
• Beta-Blockers reduce nerve impulses to the heart and blood vessels to cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force.
• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors prevent the formation of a hormone called angiotensin II, which would otherwise cause vessels to narrow.
• Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) block the action of angiotensin II.
• Calcium Channel Blockers prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, causing blood vessels to relax.¹⁰

As of June, 2005, there didn't appear to be much global agreement among medical experts worldwide in terms of recommended first-line therapy for treating high blood pressure ¹¹. I think it is important to note that in June, 2006, The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the British Hypertension Society have come to an agreement within the UK, and have issued new guidelines, including important changes to help guide primary care physicians in determining first-line therapy ¹². A major change is that Beta-Blockers, which have been shown to be less effective in preventing strokes and more likely to cause diabetes, are no longer recommended as routine treatment for the majority of people with high blood pressure. Instead, ACE Inhibitors (or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers if there are side effects) are now recommended in the UK for most people, with some exceptions, before trying other classes of medication for hypertension.

As with any medication, there may be side effects from taking ACE Inhibitors, and some should not use them at all, including black people of any age ¹². According to the Mayo Clinic, a study published by the New England Journal of Medicine, also in June, 2006, indicated an increased risk of birth defects in children whose mothers took ACE inhibitors during the first trimester, adding to the known risks during the second and third trimesters ^{12, 13}. While most people can tolerate ACE Inhibitors, some may experience side effects such as cough, elevated blood potassium levels, low blood pressure, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness, abnormal taste (metallic or salty taste), and rash. Rare, but more serious side effects include kidney failure, allergic reactions, a decrease in white blood cells, and swelling of tissues (angioedema) ¹⁴.

Very similar to ACE Inhibitors are ARB medications, and depending on the individual’s particular health issues, a doctor may switch between the two, and may sometimes prescribe both ¹⁵. The most common side effects with ARBs are cough, elevated potassium levels, low blood pressure, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, diarrhea, abnormal taste sensation (metallic or salty taste), and rash. Compared to ACE inhibitors, cough occurs less often with ARBs. The most serious, but rare, side effects are kidney failure, liver failure, allergic reactions, a decrease in white blood cells, and swelling of tissues (angioedema) ¹⁶.

On January 19, 2007, Rush University Medical Center reported findings that ACE Inhibitors and ARBs prevent people from getting diabetes, and that diuretics and beta-blockers increase the chance that a person becomes diabetic. The authors pointed out that more studies are required to determine whether new-onset diabetes leads to as many heart attacks, strokes or death, as long-standing diabetes. However, their data suggests that the differences between antihypertensive drugs regarding the risk for new-onset diabetes are real and are significant¹⁷.

Melaleuca offers a natural high blood pressure remedy formula called ProStolic™, which interacts with a natural body enzyme much like the ACE Inhibitors and ARB medications to relax blood vessels and allow healthy blood flow. As a comparison, it might be helpful to understand how the ACE and ARB class of drugs react, as well as how the non-drug hypertension remedy ProStolic™ reacts with the body.

9. High Blood Pressure Causes. American Heart Association.

10. Blood Pressure Medicines. American Academy of Family Physicians.

11. Comparing Guidelines for Treating Hypertension in an Effort to Improve Patient Management, Especially for Resistant Hypertension. American College of Cardiology Foundation.

12. Choosing the right blood medicines for you. UK Blood Pressure Association.

13. ACE inhibitors: New warning for pregnant women. Mayo Clinic, special to CNN.com, June 09, 2006

14. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. Pharmacy Author: Omudhome Ogbru, Pharm.D., Medical Editor: Jay W. Marks, M.D. MedicineNet.

15. ARBs & ACE Inhibitors...Powerful Blood Pressure Treatments. Medical Author: Dwight Makoff, M.D., Medical Editor: Leslie J. Schoenfield, M.D., Ph.D.MedicineNet.

16. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) . Pharmacy Author: Omudhome Ogbru, Pharm.D. Medical Editor: Jay W. Marks, M.D. MedicineNet.

17. Study Finds Differences between Blood Pressure Medicines and Newly-Diagnosed Diabetes. Rush University Medical Center. Press Release January 19, 2007.

When your kidneys detect low blood pressure, they release an enzyme called renin, which stimulates the formation of a protein called angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs to a very potent chemical called angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a powerful blood vessel constrictor that causes muscles surrounding the blood vessels to contract, resulting in narrowing of the blood vessels. This narrowing of the vessels increases pressure in the vessels and can result in high blood pressure ¹⁵.

The ACE Inhibitors block the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs so that angiotensin I is not converted into angiotensin II. This allows blood vessels to remain widened, which results in lowering of the blood pressure. ¹⁴ ARBs block the action of angiotensin II itself, so that vessels dilate, making it easier for the heart to pump blood, and results in lower blood pressure ¹⁶.

The natural bioactive casein hydrolysate tripeptides in Melaleuca’s ProStolic™ act as a natural blocker to the formation of angiotensin II. Also included in this proprietary blend is pomegranate juice powder, which inhibits activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme as well. A third ingredient is passionflower extract. Although researchers don't know exactly how passionflower works, they believe that flavonoid and alkaloid compounds in the plant regulate the neurotransmitters in your nervous system that reduce anxiety. One of these flavonoids in particular, chrysin, helps to calm your central nervous system and lower your blood pressure.

Combined with the proprietary blend of tripeptides, pomegranate juice powder and passion flower extract, ProStolic™ also contains potassium and calcium to provide a well-rounded natural remedy to help promote healthy blood flow and naturally maintain healthy blood pressure, but without the side effects so common with medications.

Tripeptides are formed when milk casein is broken down into smaller pieces. Several different peptides have been studied, but a significant amount of research has determined that the tripeptides Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP) and Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP) have the most supportive evidence for their efficacy, safety and bioavailability ^{18, 20}.

The natural bioactive hydrolyzed casein (a combination of tripeptides IPP and VPP) is an active ingredient included in the proprietary blend in Melaleuca's ProStolic™. These tripeptides are derived from nonfat milk casein, and have been clinically proven to help maintain healthy blood pressure. Most studies show that blood pressure is lower after 2 weeks of daily consumption of IPP and VPP, and reach a stable level after 4-6 weeks ^{18, 19}.

Like the mechanism of action of the commonly prescribed ACE Inhibitors, the natural action of tripeptides block the formation of Angiotensin II, which normally causes the blood vessels to narrow. But that's where the similarity ends. Studies show that IPP and VPP tripeptides accomplish the blockage of Angiotensin II without the side effects so common in ACE and ARB medications. ¹⁹ In 2001, an 8-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted on 30 people with mild or moderate hypertension. Results of the study showed a significant decrease in blood pressure of IPP and VPP test subjects, but no change was seen in the placebo group. In addition, no adverse reactions such as dry cough, digestive tract symptoms or abnormal changes were observed ¹⁹.

Over 20 human clinical trials have been conducted with the IPP and VPP peptides over the past 10 years ²⁰, and more than 10 double-blind clinical studies have been conducted on the particular formulation of tripeptides used in Melaleuca's proprietary blend. A 1996 placebo-controlled study on the blood pressure of 30 elderly hypertensive patients, most of whom were taking antihypertensive medication, showed a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 4 and 8 weeks, but no significant changes were observed in the placebo group ¹⁸.

A British Journal of Nutrition article reported a single blinded, placebo controlled study of 131 people with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension to determine the efficacy of hydrolyzed casein containing IPP and VPP in reducing blood pressure. The authors concluded that these peptides could assist in the prevention of hypertension in people with blood pressure that is above normal ²⁰.

"The advent of effective milk protein based functional food ingredients/nutraceuticals for the prevention/control of blood pressure therefore has the potential to significantly reduce global healthcare cost." ²¹

18. A placebo-controlled study of the effect of sour milk on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Nov;64(5):767-71.

19. A placebo-controlled study of the effect of sour milk on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Y Hata, M Yamamoto...Am. Journal of Clin. Nutrition, Vol 64, 767-771

20. Dairy peptides significantly decrease blood pressure, British Journal of Nutrition paper. Medical News Today. 29 Aug 2005 - 8:00 PST

21. Hypotensive peptides from milk proteins. FitzGerald RJ, Murray BA, Walsh DJ. Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):980S-8S

While pomegranates (punica granatum) have been around for thousands of years, not much research had been done until recently. Most of the research was first conducted in Israel and has been ongoing. One of the first studies to gain attention showed that pomegranate juice had potent antiatherogenic (biologically active substance that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries) effects in healthy humans and in atherosclerotic mice that may be attributable to its antioxidative properties. ²² A few months later, the results of a study conducted at the University of California showed an antioxidant activity three times higher than those of red wine and green tea. ²³ Then, another study in Israel showed that pomegranate juice reduced the development of atherosclerosis in mice that already had advanced atherosclerosis. ²⁴ The next month, results of another study showed a 36% decrease in serum ACE activity and a 5% reduction in systolic blood pressure in patients who drank pomegranate juice. The study concluded that pomegranate juice can offer a wide protection against cardiovascular diseases which could be related to its inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and on serum ACE activity ²⁵.

In the past 5 years, 150+ more studies and publications involving the pomegranate have been indexed at U.S. National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, with findings that suggest many healthy benefits of this fruit. Probably the most significant is in the reduction of cardiovascular disease. ^{25, 26, 27}

Another exciting study in March, 2005 tested the effects of pomegranate juice on samples of cultured human coronary artery cells exposed to extreme stress in vitro (as they would be in someone with high blood pressure), and also on hypercholesterolemic mice. The study showed that administration of pomegranate juice significantly reduced the progression of atherosclerosis, and that the proatherogenic effects induced by perturbed shear stress can be reversed by chronic administration of pomegranate juice. Implications of this is that chronic administration of pomegranate juice may be effective in both prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis ²⁶.

The results of another 3-year study suggest that pomegranate juice decreases carotid intima-media thickness and systolic blood pressure in patients with carotid artery stenosis ²⁷.

In the most recent article about pomegranates, posted at PubMed on January 17, 2007, the authors stated, “The last 7 years have seen over seven times as many publications indexed by Medline dealing with pomegranate and Punica granatum than in all the years preceding them.” ²⁸ They noted that the seed, juice, peel, leaf, flower, bark and roots each have pharmacologic activity. They concluded that “the phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of all Punica granatum components suggest a wide range of clinical applications for the treatment and prevention of cancer, as well as other diseases where chronic inflammation is believed to play an essential etiologic role.”

22. Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1062-76.

23. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Oct;48(10):4581-9.

24. Pomegranate juice supplementation to atherosclerotic mice reduces macrophage lipid peroxidation, cellular cholesterol accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. J Nutr. 2001 Aug;131(8):2082-9.

25. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Sep;158(1):195-8.

26. Beneficial effects of pomegranate juice on oxidation-sensitive genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity at sites of perturbed shear stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 29;102(13):4896-901. Epub 2005 Mar 21.

27. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):423-33.

28. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jan 19;109(2):177-206. Epub 2006 Sep 10.

Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) is accepted for medicinal use in Germany, France, and other European countries for the treatment of nervous anxiety, and was at one time approved as a sedative and sleep aid over-the-counter drug in the U.S. After a review of night-time sleep aids by the FDA in 1978, it was no longer recognized as effective by the FDA since no American company submitted data on safety and efficacy as required by the FDA, so it was dropped as an over-the-counter drug ³⁰.

Although passion flower is a native American plant, it has been more widely researched and used in Europe than in the United States. In Germany, France, and other European countries, it is accepted for the treatment of nervous anxiety. Standardized passion flower products contain flavonoids as the primary chemical marker. While flavonoids are generally considered among the most active components of the plant, scientists have not been able to pinpoint the single chemical compound or group of compounds responsible for its sedative action ³⁰.

Passion flower increases levels of a neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which decreases the activity of nerve cells in the brain, causing relaxation and relieving anxiety. It contains chemicals known as harmala alkaloids, which are thought to block an enzyme involved in depression ³¹.

A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of passiflora extract to the drug Oxazepam in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) showed that passiflora extract is effective for the management of GAD, with no significant difference between the efficacy of it and Oxazepam. An advantage seen with the passiflora extract was that fewer problems relating to impairment of job performance were encountered ³².

Everyone experiences anxiety. It is the body's normal reaction to uncertainty, trouble, feeling unprepared, or a perceived, anticipated or imagined danger or threatening situation. Normal anxiety can be a good thing. It helps motivate a person who works well under pressure, resulting in an increase in productivity. But when anxiety and worry are exaggerated without cause, it is a sign of anxiety disorder such as GAD.

People with GAD, like those participating in the trial above, experience pathological anxiety, which is excessive, chronic, and typically interferes with their ability to function in normal daily activities, and is not triggered by any specific object or situation ³³. Passion Flower appears to be helpful in relieving stress not only in individuals with normal anxiety, but in those with GAD as well.

30. Passionflower. Steven Foster Group.

31. Passion Flower. DrugDigest.

32. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001 Oct;26(5):363-7.

33. General Anxiety Disorder. Mental Health Channel.

Potassium is an electrolyte, and is one of the most abundant minerals in the body, constituting 70% of the positive ions inside cells. Potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium, among other electrolytes are essential to the body. An imbalance of either potassium or sodium will automatically cause an imbalance in the body. In a healthy body, potassium is predominant in the cell. Without enough potassium, foods cannot be broken down into the proper compounds ³⁴.

In the past, when people traditionally ate fresh, homegrown fruits and vegetables, potassium was more plentiful in the diet than sodium. But in today's society, this has been reversed, causing an imbalance of potassium and salt in the cell ³⁴. Cooking and modern food processing destroys potassium in the food, and high levels of salt added to most processed foods further robs the body of vital potassium. No RDA for the optimal daily intake has been established, but 3,500 mg. is recommended. The average daily intake has been determined to be 2,500 mg. ³⁴ Reducing salt intake and eating more fresh vegetables and fruits can help restore balance. Some foods that are an excellent source of potassium are avocados, bananas, chard, citrus fruits, juices such as grapefruit, tomato, orange, and pomegranate, dried lentils, green leafy vegetables, milk, molasses, nuts such as almonds, brazils, cashews, peanuts, pecans and walnuts, parsnips, dried peaches, potatoes, raisins, sardines, spinach, and whole-grain cereals.

A 1997 clinical trial involving 450 adults to assess the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure concluded that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, and with reduced saturated and total fat can substantially lower blood pressure ³⁵. Comparing the dietary clinical trial to an assessment of 33 randomized controlled trials involving 2,609 people that studied the effects of oral potassium intake on blood pressure, we find that the results of oral intake of potassium is similar to eating fruits and vegetables for lowering blood pressure³⁶. The assessment concluded that increased potassium intake should be considered as a recommendation for prevention and treatment of hypertension, especially in those who are unable to reduce their intake of sodium.

A 12-year study of 859 men and women revealed that a daily increase in potassium intake was associated with a 40% reduction in deaths from stroke ³⁷.

34. Potassium. Patricia Skinner, Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, 2005.

35. A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure. NEJM. Volume 336:1117-1124 April 17, 1997 Number 16.

36. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA. Vol. 277 No. 20, May 28, 1997.

37. Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. A 12-year prospective population study. NEJM. Volume 316:235-240 January 29, 1987 Number 5.

More than 99% of total body calcium is stored in the bones and teeth where it functions to support their structure. The remaining 1% is found throughout the body in blood, muscle, and the fluid between cells. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction, blood vessel contraction and expansion, the secretion of hormones and enzymes, and sending messages through the nervous system. A constant level of calcium is maintained in body fluid and tissues so that these vital body processes function efficiently ³⁸.

The breakdown of bone and bone formation changes as we age. During childhood there is a higher amount of bone formation and less breakdown. In early and middle adulthood, the processes are about equal. In older adults, especially among postmenopausal women, bone breakdown exceeds formation, which results in bone loss and increases the risk for osteoporosis. Because calcium absorption declines with age, recommendations for dietary intake of calcium are higher for adults ages 51 and over. The amount of calcium consumed at one time can also affect absorption. For example, the efficiency of calcium absorption decreases as the amount of calcium consumed at a meal increases ³⁸.

Although populations with low calcium intakes have high rates of high blood pressure, it has not yet been proven that calcium will prevent high blood pressure. But it is important for other body functions. Dairy foods like low-fat selections of milk, yogurt and cheese are good sources of calcium. Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have even more calcium than the high-fat types ³⁹.

A review of two studies of dairy food consumption and stroke incidence both indicate that a higher intake of dairy food reduces risk. Because there are strong correlations between calcium, magnesium and potassium when dairy products are consumed, reviewers found it difficult to associate any one mineral in the dairy products to reduction in blood pressure. The evidence reviewed indicated that although potassium has the greatest effect, all three contribute to blood pressure and stroke reduction ⁴⁰.

Laboratory, clinical and population data all indicate a significant anti-obesity effect of dietary calcium, although large-scale prospective clinical trials have not yet been conducted to definitively demonstrate the scope of this effect. Available evidence does indicate that increasing dietary calcium intakes may result in reductions in fat mass as well as in blood pressure ⁴¹.

According to another article, epidemiologic studies have found an association between dietary calcium intake and obesity. Three to four servings of low-fat products are recommended every day ⁴².

Read our research report, Your Body's Need for Calcium for more information about the critical role calcium plays in maintaining balance in your body.

38. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements.

39. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 1996 May 1;124(9):825-31.

40. Dairy Food Consumption, Blood Pressure and Stroke 1,2. Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:1875-1878.

41. Calcium Modulation of Hypertension and Obesity: Mechanisms and Implications. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 20, No. 90005, 428S-435S (2001).

42. Dietary Calcium Intake and Obesity. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 18:205-210 (2005).

Although blood pressure medications and natural therapy are both helpful in reducing and maintaining healthy blood pressure, your body's best defense against high blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease begins with a change in lifestyle. The time to change is now, no matter what your age is.

Begin by eating a healthy diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and other heart healthy foods. Lower your salt intake, and avoid processed foods that destroy potassium and generally have high levels of salt added that further robs your body of this vital nutrient. Get plenty of exercise, limit alcohol intake and don't smoke.

Your blood pressure rises as your weight increases, but losing just 10 percent of your body weight over a period of six months can lower your blood pressure and reduce your risk of developing diabetes, which are two major risk factors for heart disease. Those who are overweight and already have hypertension will see the greatest effect of a 10-lb. weight loss⁴³.

A February, 2006 Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association:

"In view of the continuing epidemic of BP-related diseases and the increasing prevalence of hypertension, efforts to reduce BP in both nonhypertensive and hypertensive individuals are warranted. In nonhypertensive individuals, dietary changes can lower BP and prevent hypertension. In uncomplicated stage I hypertension (systolic BP of 140 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 90 to 99 mm Hg), dietary changes serve as initial treatment before drug therapy. In those hypertensive patients already on drug therapy, lifestyle modifications, particularly a reduced salt intake, can further lower BP. The current challenge to healthcare providers, researchers, government officials, and the general public is developing and implementing effective clinical and public health strategies that lead to sustained dietary changes among individuals and more broadly among whole populations." ⁴⁴

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet has been proven to lower blood pressure and reduce cholesterol. The National Institutes of Health Heart Lung and Blood Institute has provided guidelines to help direct you in making lifestyle changes. Your Guide To Lowering Your Blood Pressure With DASH can be viewed online or downloaded in PDF format ⁴⁵.

Your body's best defense against "the silent killer" begins with you. It's all about making good choices.

43. Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure. NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

44. Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2006 Feb;47(2):296-308.

45. Your Guide To Lowering Your Blood Pressure With DASH. NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.