Research Report

Head Lice & Tea Tree Oil
Researched and Written by Karen MacKenzie
Revised September 2004

Pediculosis humanus captis, or head lice infestation affects most children at some time during their school days. Unfortunately, doctors and pharmacists still advise parents to treat lice with neurotoxic poisons that can be readily absorbed through the skin.

Thank goodness for tea tree oil. Our kids encounter enough chemicals without us having to put more poisons on their precious heads. Tea Tree oil is rich in monoterpenoids, which are insecticidal agents toxic to a lice’s nervous system, but safe for us to use. I am pleased with the results and I do not have to worry about nasty side effects, although I do patch test initially in case of allergy.

The lack of scientific evidence on natural products is not because they don't work, it's because the drug companies refuse to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on the testing and development of a substance that they cannot patent. It has nothing to do with the welfare of the public.

This Research Report is set up in two sections. In the first section, you'll find credible articles which suggest that tea tree oil and certain tea tree oil solutions may be successfully used to treat lice infestations. In the second section you'll find several credible articles which suggest that you may want to think twice before using the popular chemical treatments on your children.

Please check our Melaleuca Wellness Guide for recommended lice treatments using Melaleuca products.

Tea Tree Oil as a Treatment for Head Lice

International Aromatherapy and Herb Association's article "The Benefits of Tea Tree" by Cynthia Olsen. The article focuses on tea tree oil and hair & body care, and it discusses using the oil to treat head lice.

In this article, Annette Ramsey lists the good effects of tea tree oil on a range of problems. Please scroll down to the recommendations for head lice.

The Sierra Club was founded in 1892 by the famous naturalist and writer John Muir. Their aim is to protect wildlife and the environment, which they do by researching alternatives and raising awareness through education. Click here to view their .pdf fact sheet on head lice.

A pharmacist’s web-site that makes a valid point, if one child has head lice, then tea tree oil is the best preventative treatment for the rest of the family.
Editor's Note: this link no longer works. March 2007

A registered nurse with Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital states that she can personally testify to the effectiveness of tea tree oil in the treatment of head lice.
Please scroll down to page 5, column 2.

Every summer is the same, a letter from your child's school saying 'parents beware' —  they have children with a head lice infestation. This is a sensible article on how to keep your child safe.

Scientific studies regarding Tea Tree Oil and head lice:

This is an exciting study; it is the first peer-reviewed paper that confirms what we knew already. The main components of tea tree oil actually work as an insecticide for treating head lice”.
Mills C, Cleary BJ, Gilmer JF, Walsh JJ. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by Tea Tree oil. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;56(3):375-9

It is not just head lice that tea tree oil eradicates. This comparison study identifies that terpinen-4-ol is the active ingredient against ectoparasites, such as scabies (the itch mite) that is also prevalent in some schools, and points out that the normal insecticides are no longer working.
Walton SF, McKinnon M, Pizzutto S, Dougall A, Williams E, Currie BJ. Acaricidal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: in vitro sensitivity of sarcoptes scabiei var hominis to terpinen-4-ol. Arch Dermatol. 2004 May;140(5):563-6

Tea tree oil shampoo is well tolerated and has many benefits, such as helping to stop ‘itchiness’ and clearing dandruff.
Satchell AC, Saurajen A, Bell C, Barnetson RS. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Dec;47(6):852-5

Dangers of Common Chemical Lice Treatments

Please read about Jesse, but be warned it’s a heart-breaking story and it could happen to anyone who isn’t informed about the dangers of using ‘medically approved’ head lice treatment.

And, head lice shampoo is linked to birth defects, (point to ponder - if these chemicals accumulate in our kid’s systems, what about when they eventually have children, will these chemicals affect our grandchildren?).

These poisons don’t work anyway! Managing Head Lice in an Era of Increasing Resistance to Insecticides.

Unfortunately there are many doctors who are against natural head lice treatments; they prefer to recommend so-called "proven" treatments. The following is the low-down on these toxic substances.

LINDANE

Click to see a comprehensive fact sheet on Lindane on EXTOXNET website maintained by Oregon State University.

The risk of neurological side-effects, including dizziness to seizures, and even death associated with lindane-based shampoos and lotions has finally alerted the FDA to issue labeling guidelines. They state that it can be used "with caution" on people over 110lbs, if other treatments have failed. The National Pediculosis Association (NPA), Public Citizens Health Research Group and Cancer Prevention Coalition have called for a US ban on lindane shampoos and lotions, but over a million lindane prescriptions were being written every year. Click here to see FDA's full report. It is interesting to note that there is an outright ban on lindane in eighteen other countries and a pharmaceutical ban in the State of California.

Now read for yourself why no-one should come into contact with lindane, least of all our precious children:

Long-term psychological and neurological complications of lindane poisoning, in healthy vegetarian female after three applications of "Kwell".

This abstract on lindane toxicity in a 24 year old woman, clearly outlines the potential devastating neurological effects.

A death caused by "excessive" use of a 1% lindane shampoo.

There are also countless stories that are dismissed as anecdotal (not proven) by the medical profession. Here are just a few that we don't usually get to see:

A child's life ruined by head lice treatment.

Child shook for three days after using head lice shampoo.

Twelve months after using a Malathion head lice treatment, a school governor from the UK, is still suffering from symptoms. She urges all parents to use non-chemical methods of head lice removal.

The FDA recommends: MALATHION lotion.

Click to see a comprehensive fact sheet on Malathion on EXTOXNET website maintained by Oregon State University. Please read the known toxicological effects carefully.

How can the medical profession say “natural doesn’t mean safe” then recommend Malathion for our children’s heads?

A summary of research that indicates that malathion at low levels is a dangerous chemical to humans, animals and the environment.

The FDA also recommends: PERMETHRIN AND PYRETHRUM, with piperonyl butoxide.

Pyrethrins are natural pediculicides derived from chrysanthemum flowers (Cinerariaefolium). Pyrethrum is a botanical extract used as a broad-spectrum insecticide. It is made from natural pyrethrins. Permethrin is a synthetic version of pyrethrin. "Pyrethroids" is generally a collective name for synthetic or semi synthetic pyrethrins. Although less toxic than lindane, there is increasing evidence that they are not entirely safe. A number of head lice shampoos now contain permethrin, which may cause skin, eye and respiratory irritation, tingling sensations, allergic reactions, asthma and blood damage. There are also possible asthmatic reactions, liver and nerve damage and suppression of immune system.

Click to see a comprehensive fact sheet on PERMETHRIN on EXTOXNET website maintained by Oregon State University. Pay particular attention to "Organ Toxicity".

This evaluation of experimental data shows that pyrethroids, synthesized from chrysanthemums, and marketed as a less toxic alternative to organophosphates may not be as safe as they would have us believe.

And, according the the Harvard School of Public Health, they don't work anyway. Pesticide-Resistant Head Lice Found in US.

Dr Mercola advises that head lice are becoming resistant to permethrin products!

 

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September 2004

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